Jono Oud N.Z
Oud Junkie
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Registered: 12-14-2009
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Maqam Jahargah (Cargah)
A quote to begin this topic with:
'...The choice of the name "CARGAH" is .. unfortunate. First, there exist no compositions in such a makam described as CARGAH by Ezgi and Arel. ... a
small repertoire of pieces do exist in a makam called CARGAH, but this second one is very different in structure from the Ezgi-Arel CARGAH.' (From
Dr. Karl Signell, 'Makam, Modal Practice in Turkish Art Music', p.42-43).
The Ezgi-Arel Cargah resembles the Western C major scale on the stave (actual pitch =G Turkish, F=Arabic).
Here are two recent pieces in this version:
The other Cargah is like Saba but concluding on the note Cargah:
These maqamat are referred to as ' Tsahar-gah- Arabi' (current Arabic Jahargah) and 'Tsahar-gah-Turki' (like Saba with conclusion on the Jahargah
note) in the Rudolphe D'Erlanger book:
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While there don't seem to be many, or any pieces from the more recent (post 1750) Turkish repertoire.
The original maqam turns up in the Cantemir collection.
The Cargah here is the same as the Arabic Jahargah.
There is a modulation to Saba in one of the pieces, but this is clearly a modulation.
So, in fact the old Cargah/Jahargah does resemble the Ezgi-Arel one but with Segah as the seventh tone instead of Buselik.
Here are two old Ottoman pieces in Jahargah:
A recording of the first piece (Bezmara, Arabic pitch Jahargah)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXBWiBaaJJA
In the 16th century the 'basic' maqamat were those that come off the degrees of the basic scale (Rast).
E.g:
(Yegah, Huseyni Asiran, Iraq), Rast, Dugah, Segah, Jahargah, Nawa, Huseyni, Awj, Kardani (not really used in Cantemir's day), and Muhayyer.
Those that employed secondary degrees included:
Zirgulah, Kurdi, Buselik, Uzzal (Hijaz), Saba, Nahawand, Ajam, Shanaz and Sunbule.
There are some good more recent Arabic pieces in Jahargah here too:
http://www.issaboulos.com/archive/index.php
The Buselik note in the first two pieces can also be replaced with Segah also, this puts these in the older (current Arabic) version.
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spartan
Oud Junkie
Posts: 207
Registered: 11-30-2007
Location: Athens , Greece
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really impressive work
I only knew the tha chargah maqam from D Erlangers book (the arab cargah)
thanks a lot
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Jono Oud N.Z
Oud Junkie
Posts: 1119
Registered: 12-14-2009
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Thanks .
It seems that the current Arabic Jahargah is identical to the old 16th century Ottoman one.
This would seem logical as this is the basic mode off the fourth degree of the basic scale (Rast).
Although, I think this maqam is in between the basic maqamat and those that employ secondary scale degrees, as the Ajam note entirely replaces the Awj
one.
The Cantemir repertoire is definitely a major link between old Ottoman and pre-Ottoman Medieval styles, and what has become known today as Classical
Arabic music.
(The intonation of the pieces from the Cantemir book is also the same as current Arabic and Persian art musics, with the neutral, not 1 comma flat
tones, and without the extra notes added to Turkish music post 1750).
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